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OnyX

OnyX is a multifunction utility that you can use to verify the structure of the system files, to run miscellaneous maintenance and cleaning tasks, to configure parameters in the Finder, Dock, Safari, and some Apple applications, to delete caches, to remove certain problematic folders and files, to rebuild various databases and indexes, and more.
OnyX is a reliable application which provides a clean interface to many tasks that would otherwise require complex commands to be typed using a command-line interface.
WARNING:
There is a specific version of OnyX for each major version of the operating system.
Use the specific version, and don't try to use a non-compatible version.

OnyX 3.8.1 for macOS Catalina 10.15

Requirements: Mac Intel computer running macOS Catalina 10.15.

OnyX 3.6.8 for macOS Mojave 10.14

Requirements: Mac Intel computer running macOS Mojave 10.14.

OnyX 3.4.9 for macOS High Sierra 10.13

Requirements: Mac Intel computer running macOS High Sierra 10.13.

OnyX 3.3.1 for macOS Sierra 10.12

Requirements: Mac Intel computer running macOS Sierra 10.12.

OnyX 3.1.9 for OS X El Capitan 10.11

Requirements: Mac Intel computer running OS X El Capitan 10.11.

A Oracle Forms and Reports Patch Set Installer Screens. This appendix contains screenshots and descriptions for the Oracle Forms and Reports Patch Set Installer screens. Forms6i Documentation. #N#Link to Oracle Forms 10g (10.1.2) Documentation. Link to Oracle Forms 10 g (9.0.4) Documentation. Link to Oracle9i Forms Release 9.0.2 Documentation. Link to Oracle Forms Developer and Oracle Forms Server Documentation. Link to Archive Developer Documentation. Oracle Forms Developer Release 6 i Patch 19: Release Notes.

OnyX 3.0.2 for OS X Yosemite 10.10

Requirements: Mac Intel computer running OS X Yosemite 10.10.

OnyX 2.8.9 for OS X Mavericks 10.9

Requirements: Mac Intel computer running OS X Mavericks 10.9.

OnyX 2.7.4 for OS X Mountain Lion 10.8

Requirements: Mac Intel computer running OS X Mountain Lion 10.8.

OnyX 2.4.8 for OS X Lion 10.7

Requirements: Mac Intel computer running OS X Lion 10.7.

OnyX 2.4.0 for Mac OS X Snow Leopard 10.6

Requirements: Mac Intel computer running Mac OS X Snow Leopard 10.6.

OnyX 2.0.6 for Mac OS X Leopard 10.5

Requirements: Mac PowerPC or Intel computer running Mac OS X Leopard 10.5. OnyX only runs from an administrator account.

OnyX 1.8.6 for Mac OS X Tiger 10.4

Requirements: Mac PowerPC or Intel computer running Mac OS X Tiger 10.4. OnyX only runs from an administrator account.

OnyX 1.5.3 for Mac OS X Panther 10.3

Requirements: Mac computer running Mac OS X Panther 10.3 with BSD subsystem. OnyX only runs from an administrator account.

OnyX 1.3.1 for Mac OS X Jaguar 10.2

Requirements: Mac computer running Mac OS X Jaguar 10.2 with BSD subsystem. OnyX only runs from an administrator account.

BOINC client–server technology refers to the model under which BOINC works. The BOINC framework consists of two layers which operate under the client–serverarchitecture. Once the BOINC software is installed in a machine, the server starts sending tasks to the client. The operations are performed client-side and the results are uploaded to the server-side.

Design and structure of BOINC[edit]

• BOINC is designed to be a free structure for anyone wishing to start a distributed computing project.
• BOINC consists of a server system and client software that communicate with each other to distribute, process, and return workunits.

Server structure[edit]

A major part of the BOINC system is the backend server. The server can run on one or many machines to allow BOINC to scale easily to projects of any size. BOINC servers run on Linux-based computers and use Apache, PHP, and MySQL for their web and database systems.

Scientific computations run on participants' computers. After uploading from the user's client to a science investigator's database, the backend server validates and analyzes the results. The validation process involves running all tasks on multiple contributor PCs and comparing the results.

BOINC servers also provide these features:

• homogeneous redundancy (sending workunits only to computers of the same platform — for example: Win XP SP2 only)
• workunit trickling (sending information to the server before the workunit completes)
• locality scheduling (sending workunits to computers that already have the necessary files and creating work on demand)
• work distribution based on host parameters (workunits requiring 512 MB of RAM, for example, will only be sent to hosts having at least that much RAM^[1])

The server consists of two CGI programs and (normally) five daemons, written in C++. Computations to be performed by clients are called workunits. A result describes an instance of a workunit, even if it hasn't been completed. A project does not explicitly create results; the server creates them automatically from workunits.

The scheduler CGI program handles requests from clients, receiving completed results and sending new work to compute. The scheduler doesn't get available results directly from the database. Instead, a feeder daemon loads tasks from the database and keeps them in a shared-memory block, which the scheduler reads. The feeder periodically fills empty 'slots' in the shared-memory block after the scheduler has sent those results to a client.

When all the results from a workunit are completed and returned, the validator checks them. One popular method would be to compare the results against each other. The validator can have custom project-code to do fuzzy comparison between results, or it can perform a bitwise comparison. If the validator determines that at least some of the results are valid, it marks the work unit and the valid results as valid, users who returned legitimate results are granted credit for it, and a 'canonical result' is chosen^{[by whom?]}. If the validator cannot determine which results are valid or declares all of the results as invalid, new results can be generated and the cycle repeated until the validator can determine which results are valid.

Next, the assimilator daemon processes the canonical result using project-specific code. For example, some projects may parse the file and store information in a database, others may just copy the file somewhere else. An assimilator may also generate more workunits based on the returned data.

The file_deleter daemon deletes output files after the assimilator has processed them, and deletes input files that aren't needed anymore.

The transitioner daemon handles state transitions of workunits and results. It also generates results from workunits when they are first created, and when more are needed (for example, if a result turns out invalid).

Server design weaknesses[edit]

• BOINC Servers are not as simple to deploy as the BOINC Client as^{[citation needed]} they require a large number of scripts.
• The BOINC Server project website does a bad job of storing a compiled database of server-side scripts for those wishing to create a BOINC project.^{[citation needed]}
• The BOINC Server can be deployed on Windows Vista (or higher) systems^{[citation needed]} (as they are POSIX compliant and may be able to run UNIX applications) but the design structure of Windows makes this difficult and more expensive than just using 'off-the-shelf' Linux.

Client structure[edit]

BOINC on the client is structured into a number of separate applications. These intercommunicate using the BOINC remote procedure call (RPC) mechanism.

These component applications are:

• The program boinc (or boinc.exe) is the core client.
• The core client is a process which:
  • Takes care of communications between the client and the server.
  • The core client also downloads science applications, provides a unified logging mechanism, makes sure science application binaries are up-to-date, and schedules CPU resources between science applications (if several are installed).
  • Although the core client is capable of downloading new science applications, it does not update itself. BOINC's authors felt doing so posed an unacceptable security risk^{[citation needed]}, as well as all of the risks that automatic update procedures have in computing.
  • On Unix, the core client is generally run as a daemon (or occasionally as a cron job).
  • On Windows, BOINC initially was not a Windows service, but an ordinary application. BOINC Client for Windows, Versions 5.2.13 and higher add, during installation, the option of 'Service Installation'.
  • Depending on how the BOINC client software was installed, it can either run in the background like a daemon, or starts when an individual user logs in (and is stopped when the user logs out). The software version management and work-unit handling provided by the core client greatly simplifies the coding of science applications.
• One or several science applications. Science applications perform the core scientific computation. There is a specific science application for each of the distributed computation projects which use the BOINC framework. Science applications use the BOINC daemon to upload and download workunits, and to exchange statistics with the server.
• boincmgr (or boincmgr.exe), a GUI which communicates with the core application using remote procedure calls. By default a core client only allows connections from the same computer, but it can be configured to allow connections from other computers (optionally using password authentication); this mechanism allows one person to manage a farm of BOINC installations from a single workstation. A drawback to the use of RPC mechanisms is that they are often felt to be security risks because they can be the route by which hackers can intrude upon targeted computers (even if it's configured for connections from the same computer).
• The GUI is written using the cross-platform WxWidgets toolkit, providing the same user experience on different platforms. Users can connect to BOINC core clients, can instruct those clients to install new science applications, can monitor the progress of ongoing calculations, and can view the BOINC system message logs.
• The BOINC screensaver. This provides a framework whereby science applications can display graphics in the user's screensaver window. BOINC screensavers are coded using the BOINC graphics API, Open GL, and the GLUT toolkit. Typically BOINC screensavers show animated graphics detailing the work underway, perhaps showing graphs or charts or other data visualisation graphics.
• Some science applications do not provide screensaver functionality (or stop providing screensaver images when they are idle). In this circumstance the screensaver shows a small BOINC logo which bounces around the screen.

Since BOINC has features that can render it invisible to the typical user, there is risk that unauthorized and difficult to detect installations may occur. This would aid the accumulation of BOINC-credit points by hobbyists who are competing with others for status within the BOINC-credit subculture.

Client platforms[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]